匿名使用者 1級 2014-02-16 回答

西方文化禮儀

在西方里，禮儀一詞，最早見於法語的Etiquette，原意為“法庭上的通行證”。但它一進入英文後，就有了禮儀的含義，意即“人際交往的通行證”。西方的文明史，同樣在很大程度上表現著人類對禮儀追求及其演進的歷史。人類為了維持與發展血緣親情以外的各種人際關係，避免“格鬥”或“戰爭”，逐步形成了各種與“格鬥”、“戰爭”有關的動態禮儀。如為了表示自己手裡沒有武器，讓對方感覺到自己沒有惡意而創造了舉手禮，後來演進為握手。為了表示自己的友好與尊重，願在對方面前“丟盔卸甲”，於是創造了脫帽禮等。

在古希臘的文獻典籍中，如蘇格拉底、柏拉圖、亞里士多德等先哲的著述中，都有很多關於禮儀的論述。中世紀更是禮儀發展的鼎盛時代。文藝復興以後，歐美的禮儀有了新的發展，從上層社會對遵循禮節的繁瑣要求到20世紀中期對優美舉止的讚賞，一直到適應社會平等關係的比較簡單的禮儀規則。歷史發展到今天，傳統的禮儀文化不但沒有隨著市場經濟發展和科技現代化而被拋棄，反而更加多姿多彩，國家有國家的禮制，民族有民族獨特的禮儀習俗，各行各業都有自己的禮儀規範程式，國際上也有各國共同遵守的禮儀慣例。

In the west， etiquette is a word， the earliest found in the French Etiquette， meaning “court passes”。 But it into English， with the meaning of etiquette， which means “pass of interpersonal communication”。 The history of Western civilization， also to a large extent the performance of human pursuit of etiquette and its historical evolution。 Humanity in order to develop and maintain family outside of the various relationships， avoid “combat” or “war”， and gradually formed a “combat”， “war” is related to the dynamics of etiquette。 As for the said he didn‘t have any weapons， let the person feel no malice and created the salute， later evolves into a handshake。 In order to show their friendship and respect in front of each other “， is willing to throw away everything when fleeing”， thus creating a hat。

在古希臘的文獻典籍中，如蘇格拉底、柏拉圖、亞里士多德等先哲的著述中，都有很多關於禮儀的論述。中世紀更是禮儀發展的鼎盛時代。文藝復興以後，歐美的禮儀有了新的發展，從上層社會對遵循禮節的繁瑣要求到20世紀中期對優美舉止的讚賞，一直到適應社會平等關係的比較簡單的禮儀規則。歷史發展到今天，傳統的禮儀文化不但沒有隨著市場經濟發展和科技現代化而被拋棄，反而更加多姿多彩，國家有國家的禮制，民族有民族獨特的禮儀習俗，各行各業都有自己的禮儀規範程式，國際上也有各國共同遵守的禮儀慣例。

In ancient Greek literature books， such as the writings of Socrates， Platon， Aristotle and other philosophers， there are a lot of discussion about etiquette。 The middle ages is the peak period of development of etiquette。 Since the Renaissance， European and American etiquette is a new development， from the upper class society until the middle of twentieth Century to the tedious required to follow the etiquette of graceful manners praise， has to adapt to the relatively simple rules of etiquette and social equality。 Up to today， the traditional etiquette culture not only with the development of market economy and the modernization of science and technology and abandoned， but more colorful， countries have national etiquette， etiquette custom of ethnic nationalities have unique， all have their own etiquette program， has in all countries abide by the etiquette convention。

Jason。 1級 2014-02-16 回答

the history of western culture and art are derived from religion， since the renaissance after the change， but although religious （christian） to its effect is still visible everywhere。 after all， has formed thousands of belief atmosphere。

can’t deny that china‘s artistic culture from religion， like the dunhuang mogao grottoes， leshan giant buddha is deeply influence buddhism as many as are better， mount wudang taoism - but this is an effect of distinction by single christian （western catholic）， while the effect of religion in china for art culture is not single。 another chinese more， not by the influence from religion， and all kinds of people， such as confucianism such services， the ruling class will influence， etc。 another sure-to-be-talked-about point in china and the folk spontaneous art culture。

歷史上西方的藝術文化均源自宗教，自文藝復興後雖有所改變，但宗教（基督教）對其產生的影響仍是隨處可見。畢竟已經形成了上千年的信仰氛圍。

不能否認中國的藝術文化不受宗教的影響，像敦煌莫高窟、樂山大佛等不少都深受佛教影響，武當山等好多都受道教影響——但這就是一種區別：西方受單一基督教（天主教）的影響，而在中國宗教對藝術文化的影響則並非單一的。另外中國更多受的並非來自宗教的影響，還有諸如儒家這樣的各種人文思流、統治階級的意志影響等。另外不得不提的一點在中國還有民間自發的藝術文化形態。

匿名使用者 1級 2014-02-16 回答

Something I Admire about the Western Culture

Despite the cultural conflicts between the Orient and the Occident， there do exist some admirable ingredients in the Western culture。

First and foremost， the equality between parents and children。 The parents are not always superior to their children， and the children do not always need to obey their parents order， that is， they are more like close friends。

Second， the independent personality。 Western people have a strong sense of supporting themselves and being independent。 They begin earning their pocket money early in their life， even as kids。

Last， Western people do not always assess a person according to his background。 If only he can achieve success through personal struggle， he can win status。 It’s a talent-oriented society， not background-oriented。

All the above mentioned are what I admire in the western culture and what I think we Chinese should learn。