原標題：十七種智慧財產權商業模式！

如果你對智慧財產權事務感興趣，以下你應當閱讀。知財資本有限公司（PCT

Capital

LLC）執行長雷蒙德。米理恩和拐點策略創始人兼董事總經理羅恩·勞裡以《已有的和新興的IP業務模式綜述》為藍本，簡要摘編了已經成型的和正在興起的智慧財產權商業模式，令人印象深刻。

一、正在興起的四種商業模式

1．智慧財產權事務交流/交易平臺。類似於紐交所和納斯達克，無論是實體或網路線上平臺，促進智慧財產權交易交流，包括建立的基於智慧財產權的金融工具或類似股票的上市和交易。計劃宣佈建立交易交流

2．防禦性專利池。有選擇地獲取基於防守的專利組合。

3．技術/智慧財產權衍生融資。由傳統風險投資（VC）或私募股權公司組織，專門從事較大科技公司面臨困境的非核心智慧財產權衍生投資運作，或者建立大型技術公司之間的合資企業，以促進技術商業化和相關聯智慧財產權貨幣化。

4．基於專利的公共股指。建立基於現有的軟體工具和平臺正式的股票指數。

二、已成型的十三種商業模式

1．專利許可和訴訟公司（PLECs）。擁有一個或多個專利組合，試圖開展有目標的寫信活動將其專利或組合許可出去；之後對那些拒絕接受拒絕進入非排他性專利許可者，提起專利侵權訴訟。

2．機構專利聚合器/智慧財產權收購基金。通常作為有限合夥公司的普通合夥人的典型運作實體，以及從大型科技公司或資本市場籌集資金的運作實體。

3．智慧財產權 /技術開發公司。從事研發活動和智慧財產權創造（包括專利和專有技術） 實體，看起來就像運營一個傳統公司。然而，開發出的技術不是用於生產物質產品。

4．授權代理商。作用是幫助專利擁有者找到被許可者的專業中介機構。

5．訴訟金融/投資公司。智慧財產權收購基金和專利許可與訴訟公司（PLECs）之間的結合機制。

6．專利經紀人。與上面所討論的專利許可代理功能基本相同，但他們尋求幫助專利擁有者找到買家而不是被許可方。

7．基於智慧財產權的併購顧問。以傳統的投資銀行模式開展經營，就是為科技公司的併購活動提供建議，並根據整個交易的價值（或根據交易涉及的智慧財產權的價值按比例）收取服務費用。

8．智慧財產權拍賣行。就像倫敦佳士得和蘇富比拍賣行在古董和藝術品市場有名的專利拍賣市場。

9．網上的智慧財產權/技術交流/票據交換。功能像B2B網站一樣，使之成了1990′年代後期dot com繁榮期間的流行模式。

10．智慧財產權支援的金融家。為智慧財產權擁有者提供直接或中介融資，通常以貸款形式（債務融資），債務融資安全以全部或部分智慧財產權資產價值為擔保（也就是智慧財產權抵押）。

11．智慧財產權證券化企業。作為法律顧問，協助和/或為專利所有者實施智慧財產權資產證券化融資交易提供資金（類似於更常見的抵押貸款支援證券）。

12．專利評級軟體和服務。提供先進的專利搜尋和分析軟體工具，從而允許專利所有者、律師、投資者和智慧財產權市場其他玩家，獲得單個專利或專利組合各種情報和資料點。

13．大學技術轉移中介。具有智慧財產權開發公司、智慧財產權收購基金、授權代理商和/或專利經紀人的作用，但聚焦於恰當的大學技術轉讓（例如許可）市場。

附原文

Intellectual Property Business Models

by Duncan on September3， 2008

Here’s something that you really should read if you’re interested in the business of intellectual property。

Raymond

Millien （CEO of PCT Capital， LLC） and Ron Laurie（Co-founder and

Managing Director of Inflexion Point Strategy， LLC） have put together an

impressive summary of current and emerging intellectual property

business models over at VC Experts – A summary of established and

emerging IP business models。

As you can see from the quick

summary below （and I really do recommend you read the entire article

which has much more depth）， it is very patent-focused。

What business models would you add to more fully take into account business model focused on other types of IP？

Emerging

1。

IP Transaction Exchanges/Trading Platforms

– plans have been announced to create traded exchanges （whether

physical or online locations） similar to the NYSE and NASDAQ where

yet-to-be created IP-based financial instruments would be listed and

traded much like stocks are today。

2。

Defensive Patent Pools

– seek to selectively acquire portfolios of patents for defensive reasons。

3。

Technology/IP Spin out Financing

- organized as a traditional venture capital （VC）or private equity

firm， but specializing in spinning out promising on-core IP which has

become “stranded” within larger technology companies， or creating joint

ventures between large technology companies to commercialize the

technology and monetize the associated IP。

4。

Patent-Based Public Stock Indexes

– the creation of formalized stock indexes based on their existing software tools and platforms。

Established

1。

Patent Licensing and Enforcement Companies (PLECs)

– entities that own one or more patent portfolios， attempt to license

them though targeted letter-writing campaigns， and then file patent in

fringement suits against those letter recipients who refuse to enter

into non-exclusive licenses。

2。

Institutional Patent Aggregators/IP Acquisition Funds

–entities that typically operate as general partners of a limited

partnership and raise money either from large technology companies or

from the capital markers。

3。

IP/Technology Development Companies

– entities that engage in R&D activities and produce IP（including

both patents and know-how） much like traditional operating companies；

however， the developed technology is not used to manufacture products in

the form of physical goods。

4。

Licensing Agents

- entities that function as intermediaries by attempting to assist patent owners in finding licensees。

5。

Litigation Finance/Investment Firms

– entities that are a cross between IP Acquisition Funds and PLECs。

6。

Patent Brokers

– entities that function essentially the same as Licensing Agent model

discussed above， but that they seek to assist patent owners in finding

buyers rather than licensees。

7。

IP-Based M&A Advisory

– entities that operate in a traditional investment banking model

–advising technology companies in their merger and

acquisition（M&A）activities and earning fees based on the value of

the entire deal（or apportioned according to the value of the IP within

the deal）。

8。

IP Auction Houses

–

entities that are attempting to do for the patent marketplace what famed

London auction houses Christie’s and Sotheby’s did for the antique and

art marketplace。

9。

On-Line IP/Technology Exchanges/Clearinghouse

– entities that function like the business-to-business （B2B） websites that be came the rage during the late 1990′sdot com boom。

10。

IP-Backed Financiers

– entities that provide financing for IP owners， either directly or as

intermediaries， usually in the form of loans （debt financing）， where the

security for the loan is either wholly or partially IP assets （i。e。，IP

collateralization）。

11。

Royalty Stream Securitization Firms

- entities that counsel， assist and/or provide capital to patent owners

performing IP securitization financing transactions （which resemble the

more common mortgage-backed securities）。

12。

Patent Rating Software and Services

- entities that provide advanced patent search and analytics software

tools that allow patent owners， attorneys， investors and other players

in the IP marketplace to obtain various intelligence and data points

about a single patent or patent portfolio。

13。

University Technology Transfer Intermediaries

-

entities that function as IP Development Companies， IP Acquisition

Funds， Licensing Agents and/or Patent Brokers， but focusing on the niche

university technology transfer（i。e。， licensing） market。

翻譯：IPRdaily特約作者李春成

編輯：http://IPRdaily.cn LoCo

校對：http://IPRdaily.cn 縱橫君