使用objdump分析core堆疊

原始碼

執行程式

使用objdump分析

原始碼

執行程式

objdump

使用c++程式設計的同學,經常會遇到諸如記憶體越界、重複釋放等記憶體問題,大家比較習慣的追查這類問題的方式是,開啟core檔案的limit,生成core檔案,用gdb進行分析; 但是,在實際的生產環境中。由於程式本省佔用記憶體非常大,比如搜尋的索引服務,進行core的dump不太現實,所以一般採用,在程式中捕獲訊號,之後列印程序的堆疊資訊,再進行追查。 下面本文,就按照這種方式進行追查,首先,分析沒有so的程式如何使用objdump與彙編進行分析程式的問題所在;接著分析有so的程式,如何使用objdump進行分析,希望對大家能有所幫助。

普通程式的core分析

原始碼

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

static void print_stack_fs(int sig, FILE * output)

{

fprintf(output, “————————————————————\n”);

char pTime[256];

//getSafeNow(pTime, 256);

fprintf(output, “[%s] received signal=%d, thread_id=%ld\n”,

“now”, sig, getpid());

void *array[128]; // 128 stacks at most

size_t size = backtrace(array, sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]));

if (size > 0 && size < 128) {

char ** stackLog = backtrace_symbols(array, size);

if(stackLog) {

for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {

fprintf(output,“%s\n”, stackLog[i]);

}

fflush(output);

free(stackLog);

}

}

}

static void sig_handler(int signo)

{

if (signo == SIGSEGV ||

signo == SIGBUS ||

signo == SIGABRT ||

signo == SIGFPE) {

print_stack_fs(signo, stderr);

exit(-1);

}

else if (signo == SIGTERM || signo == SIGINT) {

exit(-1);

}

}

static void sig_register()

{

struct sigaction sigac;

sigemptyset(&sigac。sa_mask);

sigac。sa_handler = sig_handler;

sigac。sa_flags = 0;

sigaction(SIGTERM, &sigac, 0);

sigaction(SIGINT , &sigac, 0);

sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sigac, 0);

sigaction(SIGPIPE, &sigac, 0);

sigaction(SIGBUS , &sigac, 0);

sigaction(SIGABRT, &sigac, 0);

sigaction(SIGFPE , &sigac, 0);

sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sigac, 0);

}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{

sig_register();

int a = 10, b = -2, c = 100;

char * pstr = 0x00;

int d = 100;

*pstr = 0x00;

return 0;

}

執行程式

關鍵地址:0x400add,指向出錯的程式碼的具體的虛擬空間地址

[now] received signal=11, thread_id=1852

。/a。out() [0x4008ab]

。/a。out() [0x400985]

/lib64/libc。so。6(+0x362f0) [0x7fbc41a3d2f0]

。/a。out() [0x400add]

/lib64/libc。so。6(__libc_start_main+0xf5) [0x7fbc41a29445]

。/a。out() [0x400769]

使用objdump分析

objdump -d a。out ,分析-0x18(%rbp)的地址是變數pstr的地址,之後將pstr的放置到暫存器rax賦值,之後沒有申請記憶體的空指標進行賦值出core,具體請看下面的彙編程式碼

321 0000000000400aa1

322 400aa1: 55 push %rbp

323 400aa2: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp

324 400aa5: 48 83 ec 30 sub $0x30,%rsp

325 400aa9: 89 7d dc mov %edi,-0x24(%rbp)

326 400aac: 48 89 75 d0 mov %rsi,-0x30(%rbp)

327 400ab0: e8 f2 fe ff ff callq 4009a7 <_ZL12sig_registerv>

328 400ab5: c7 45 fc 0a 00 00 00 movl $0xa,-0x4(%rbp) // 變數a

329 400abc: c7 45 f8 fe ff ff ff movl $0xfffffffe,-0x8(%rbp) // 變數b

330 400ac3: c7 45 f4 64 00 00 00 movl $0x64,-0xc(%rbp) // 變數c

331 400aca: 48 c7 45 e8 00 00 00 movq $0x0,-0x18(%rbp) // 變數 pstr

332 400ad1: 00

333 400ad2: c7 45 e4 64 00 00 00 movl $0x64,-0x1c(%rbp) // 變數d

334 400ad9: 48 8b 45 e8 mov -0x18(%rbp),%rax // 將變數pstr放到rax暫存器

335 400add: c6 00 00 movb $0x0,(%rax) // 對pstr賦值,也就是對空指標賦值,找到問題

336 400ae0: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax

337 400ae5: c9 leaveq

338 400ae6: c3 retq

339 400ae7: 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 nopw 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)

core在so裡面的objdump分析

原始碼

max。h

#ifndef __MAX_H__

#define __MAX_H__

int max(int n1, int n2, int n3);

#endif

max。cpp

#include “max。h”

int max(int n1, int n2, int n3)

{

int max_num = n1;

max_num = max_num < n2? n2: max_num;

max_num = max_num < n3? n3: max_num;

char * pstr = 0x00;

*pstr = 0x00;

return max_num;

}

test。cpp

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include “max。h”

static void print_stack_fs(int sig, FILE * output)

{

fprintf(output, “————————————————————\n”);

char pTime[256];

//getSafeNow(pTime, 256);

fprintf(output, “[%s] received signal=%d, thread_id=%ld\n”,

“now”, sig, getpid());

void *array[128]; // 128 stacks at most

size_t size = backtrace(array, sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]));

if (size > 0 && size < 128) {

char ** stackLog = backtrace_symbols(array, size);

if(stackLog) {

for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {

fprintf(output,“%s\n”, stackLog[i]);

}

fflush(output);

free(stackLog);

}

}

}

static void sig_handler(int signo)

{

if (signo == SIGSEGV ||

signo == SIGBUS ||

signo == SIGABRT ||

signo == SIGFPE) {

print_stack_fs(signo, stderr);

exit(-1);

}

else if (signo == SIGTERM || signo == SIGINT) {

exit(-1);

}

}

static void sig_register()

{

struct sigaction sigac;

sigemptyset(&sigac。sa_mask);

sigac。sa_handler = sig_handler;

sigac。sa_flags = 0;

sigaction(SIGTERM, &sigac, 0);

sigaction(SIGINT , &sigac, 0);

sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sigac, 0);

sigaction(SIGPIPE, &sigac, 0);

sigaction(SIGBUS , &sigac, 0);

sigaction(SIGABRT, &sigac, 0);

sigaction(SIGFPE , &sigac, 0);

sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sigac, 0);

}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{

sig_register();

int a = 10, b = -2, c = 100;

int d = 100;

printf(“max among 10, -2 and 100 is %d。\n”, max(a, b, c));

return 0;

}

執行程式

關鍵地址:。/libmax。so(_Z3maxiii+0x45) [0x7fb914d6868a]

[now] received signal=11, thread_id=1893

。/a。out() [0x4009fb]

。/a。out() [0x400ad5]

/lib64/libc。so。6(+0x362f0) [0x7fb9141b12f0]

。/libmax。so(_Z3maxiii+0x45) [0x7fb914d6868a]

。/a。out() [0x400c33]

/lib64/libc。so。6(__libc_start_main+0xf5) [0x7fb91419d445]

。/a。out() [0x4008b9]

objdump

針對so進行反編譯,執行 objdump -d libmax。so,然後找搭配_Z3maxiii,地址是645,然後+上0x45,得到地址 68A 彙編程式碼:movq $0x0,-0x10(%rbp) 定義pstr,68A的地址同樣是對未申請記憶體的地址進行賦值出錯。

106 0000000000000645 <_Z3maxiii>:

107 645: 55 push %rbp

108 646: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp

109 649: 89 7d ec mov %edi,-0x14(%rbp) // 引數1

110 64c: 89 75 e8 mov %esi,-0x18(%rbp) // 引數2

111 64f: 89 55 e4 mov %edx,-0x1c(%rbp) // 引數3

112 652: 8b 45 ec mov -0x14(%rbp),%eax

113 655: 89 45 fc mov %eax,-0x4(%rbp)

114 658: 8b 45 fc mov -0x4(%rbp),%eax

115 65b: 3b 45 e8 cmp -0x18(%rbp),%eax

116 65e: 7d 05 jge 665 <_Z3maxiii+0x20>

117 660: 8b 45 e8 mov -0x18(%rbp),%eax

118 663: eb 03 jmp 668 <_Z3maxiii+0x23>

119 665: 8b 45 fc mov -0x4(%rbp),%eax

120 668: 89 45 fc mov %eax,-0x4(%rbp)

121 66b: 8b 45 fc mov -0x4(%rbp),%eax

122 66e: 3b 45 e4 cmp -0x1c(%rbp),%eax

123 671: 7d 05 jge 678 <_Z3maxiii+0x33>

124 673: 8b 45 e4 mov -0x1c(%rbp),%eax

125 676: eb 03 jmp 67b <_Z3maxiii+0x36>

126 678: 8b 45 fc mov -0x4(%rbp),%eax

127 67b: 89 45 fc mov %eax,-0x4(%rbp)

128 67e: 48 c7 45 f0 00 00 00 movq $0x0,-0x10(%rbp) // pstr

129 685: 00

130 686: 48 8b 45 f0 mov -0x10(%rbp),%rax

131 68a: c6 00 00 movb $0x0,(%rax) // 對pstr賦值0,這個就是問題所在了

132 68d: 8b 45 fc mov -0x4(%rbp),%eax

133 690: 5d pop %rbp

使用addr2line定位問題的行數

[dubaokun@localhost so]$ addr2line -e libmax。so -ifC 68a

max(int, int, int)

/home/dubaokun/github/code/engine_code/compile/objdump/so/max。cpp:9 (discriminator 3)

總結

以上的程式較為簡單,實際工作中的程式較為複雜,但是複雜都是由基礎而來的,大家可以認真思考、仔細研究,對於彙編程式碼要有一定的理解。