1. few 和 a few 之後接可數名詞的複數形式。few 表示數量很少或幾乎沒有,強調“少”,含有否定意義;a few 表示數量雖然少但畢竟還有,強調“有”,含有肯定意義。比較:

His theory is very difficult, and few people understand it。 他的理論很深奧,沒有幾個人能懂。

His theory is very difficult, but a few people understand it。 他的理論很深奧,但是有些人懂。

2. little 和 a little 之後接不可數名詞,其區別跟 few 和 a few 之間的區別相似。如:

Unfortunately, I had little money on me。 很不巧,我身上沒帶什麼錢。

Fortunately, I had a little money on me。 幸好我身上帶著一點錢。

3. 一般說來,在 only, still, can, quite, not 等詞之後通常用帶有不定冠詞的 a few 或 a little,而在 very, some, the, no, so, too 等詞之後通常用不帶冠詞的 few 或 little。如:

He was not a little surprised。 他大為吃驚。

There’s only a little left。 只剩下一點點。

I have so little time to enjoy myself。 我娛樂時間很少。

Very few people understand what he said。 幾乎沒什麼人懂他的話。

4.兩者的比較等級變化分別為 few, fewer, fewest (後接可數名詞複數),little, less, least (後接不可數名詞)。如:

Who has the fewest mistakes? 誰的錯誤最少?

He is the best teacher even though he has the least experience。 他儘管經驗最少,但教得最好。

You ought to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink less beer。 你應該少抽菸,少喝啤酒。

注:在現代英語的非正式文體中,有時人們也將 less, least 用於複數名詞前,不過這種用法有不少人反對,初學者不宜仿用。如:

There are fewer [less] cars on the road at night。 晚上路上的汽車要少些。

5. few 和 little 前除受不定冠詞修飾表示肯定意義外,若受其他限定詞的修飾也表肯定意義。如:

She was among the few who have read the book。 她是少數讀過這本書的人之一。

Her few possessions were sold after her death。 她那點兒財產死後就被賣掉了。

The little of his work that I have seen seems excellent。 我所看到的他那一小部分工作似乎非常出色。

注:a man [person] of few words (沉默寡言的人)是習詞,其中的 few 前不用冠詞或其他限定詞。